An advance directive is a document in which a person either states choices for medical treatment or designates who should make treatment choices if the person should lose decision-making capacity. The term can also include oral statements by the patient.

Advance directive is a general term that includes two kinds of documents: living wills and durable/medical power of attorney. Each state regulates the use of advance directives differently.

• Living will. A living will is a document in which you can stipulate the kind of life-prolonging medical care you want if you become terminally ill, permanently unconscious, or unable to communicate. Each state has its own living-will requirements. It is possible to use a standard form from a stationery store, draw up your own form, or simply write a statement of your preferences for treatment, as long as you follow the state’s witnessing and signature requirements. You should discuss the living will with your physician, family and clergy, and ask your physician to make it a part of your permanent medical record. Although you do not need a lawyer to draw up a living will, you may wish to discuss it with a lawyer and leave a copy with your family lawyer. (Source: American Hospital Association, Put It in Writing brochure.)
  
  
• Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care (DPOA). This is an advance directive in which you name someone else (your "agent" or "proxy") to enforce your Living Will and make health care decisions in the event the you become unable to make them or to communicate. This type of advance directive may also be called a health care proxy, medical power of attorney or appointment of a health care agent. Sometimes this person may be a spouse or relative, but not always. It is important that you choose someone who knows your wishes and who you feel will be able to carry through with them should the time come. (Source: American Hospital Association, Put It in Writing brochure.)